By Sarah Wisher, PTA
While osteoporosis is often seen as a women’s health issue, did you know it is increasingly being recognized as a significant health concern for men? In fact, about 20% of individuals with osteoporosis are men, and the consequences can be just as severe. Men typically have a larger bone mass than women, but they also experience bone loss as they age, particularly after age 50. The prevalence of osteoporosis in men is expected to rise as the population ages, making it crucial to understand the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options specific to men.
What are the risk factors?
Hormonal Changes: Testosterone plays a vital role in bone health. As men age, testosterone levels naturally decline, especially after the age of 40. Low testosterone (hypogonadism) can lead to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, raising the risk of osteoporosis (Khosla et al., 2018).
Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and chronic kidney disease, can increase the risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, gastrointestinal diseases like celiac disease can affect nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies that compromise bone health (Camacho et al., 2016).
Medications: Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and proton pump inhibitors, can negatively affect bone density.
Lifestyle Factors: Lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to bone loss. Inadequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D is also a significant risk factor.
What are the Symptoms?
Osteoporosis is often termed a “silent disease” because it may not present symptoms until a fracture occurs. Men may experience the following signs:
Fractures: Particularly in the hip, spine, and wrist, often occurring with minimal or no trauma.
Height Loss: Over time, spinal fractures may lead to a decrease in height.
Back Pain: Chronic back pain can arise from spinal compression fractures.
Postural Changes: A stooped posture or kyphosis (curvature of the spine) may develop because of spinal fractures.
Treatment and Management
Bone Density Testing: Men at risk for osteoporosis should undergo bone density testing, particularly those over the age of 70 or younger men with risk factors.
Medications: Bisphosphonates, denosumab, and testosterone replacement therapy are common treatments for men with osteoporosis, helping to reduce fracture risk and increase bone density (Khosla et al., 2018; Camacho et al., 2016).
Exercise: Engaging in regular weight-bearing and resistance exercises can be particularly beneficial. Exercise not only helps to build and maintain bone density but also improves muscle strength, balance, and coordination, which are essential for fall prevention.
Increased awareness and understanding of the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options are crucial for effective management. By emphasizing a comprehensive approach that includes exercise, proper nutrition, and medical interventions, men can take proactive steps to maintain their bone health and reduce their risk of fractures.
Make an appointment at one of our clinics if you have any questions or concerns about osteoporosis.
About Our CTS Therapist: Sarah is an Orange County native who has taught Pilates for the past 12 years. She earned her B.S. in Gerokinesiology from CSU Fullerton. Outside of the clinic, you can find Sarah paddleboarding, hiking, and camping.
References
Khosla, S., Hofbauer, L. C., & Crittenden, D. B. (2018). Osteoporosis in Men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 33(5), 991-1001. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.3352.
Camacho, P. M., et al. (2016). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - 2016. Endocrine Practice, 22(3), 1-42. DOI:10.4158/EP161435.GL.
This article was written using AI Technology.
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